Lidské embryo v perspektivě bioetiky
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Abstract
Abstract: The article The Human Embryo from a Bioethical Perspective devotes in detail to the contemporary bioethical discussion on the moral status of the human embryo. First, it rises an issue whether a human embryo is an individual being of a human kind since the moment of fertilization and it critically assesses some objections against individuality of the human embryo. Following that it focuses on criteria of personal identity and its relevance for bioethical discussion. It critically deals with the so called constitutionalism. Metaphysical reflection is concluded by a defense of animalism. The last part of the article evaluates ethical relativism, utilitarianism and brings in an outline of an ethical theory of John M. Finnis. The conclusion of the work consists of the thesis that the human embryo is a human being since the moment of its creation, abounding in inherent, inalienable human rights.
Abstrakt: Článek Lidské embryo v perspektivě bioetiky se podrobně věnuje současné bioetické diskuzi o morálním statusu lidského embrya. Nejdříve si klade otázku, zda je lidské embryo od okamžiku oplození individuálním jedincem lidského druhu a kriticky hodnotí některé námitky proti individualitě lidského embrya. Poté se zaměřuje na problematiku kritérií personální identity a jejich relevanci pro bioetickou diskuzi. Kriticky se vyrovnává rovněž s tzv. konstitucionalizmem. Metafyzickou reflexi uzavírá obhajoba animalismu. V poslední části článku se hodnotí etický relativismus, utilitarismus a předkládá se nárys etické teorie Johna M. Finnise. Závěr práce tvoří teze, že lidské embryo je od okamžiku svého vzniku lidskou osobou obdařenou inherentními, nezcizitelnými lidskými právy.
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