Informovaný souhlas u osob se sníženou schopností rozhodování. Informed consent by persons with reduced decision-making capacity.
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Abstract
Abstract: This article deals with the issue of competence of so-called vulnerable persons and the possibility of making valid informed consent. The theory of competence is here perceived as a task oriented competence. Subsequently, the capacity of the patient to give informed consent is analyzed. Here, the difference between the so-called general competence and specific competence is analyzed, as well as the difference between degree conception of competence and threshold conception of competence. The relation between competence and consequences of performed medical procedure is also specified. Finally, the article describes how these theoretical approaches are reflected in medical as well as legal practice.
Abstrakt: Tento článek se zabývá problematikou kompetence tzv. vulnerabilních osob a možnosti učinit validní informovaný souhlas. V článku je řešena nejprve teorie kompetence, která je vnímaná jako kompetence k plnění určitého úkolu (task oriented competence). Následně je rozebírána přímo kompetence pacienta k udělení informovanému souhlasu. Rozebrán je rozdíl mezi tzv. obecnou kompetencí a specifickou kompetencí, dále rozdíl mezi stupňovitou kompetencí a kompetencí hraniční. Specifikován je i poměr mezi kompetencí a následky provedeného zdravotního výkonu. Konečně je pak popsáno, jak se tyto teoretické přístupy odrážejí do medicínské, ale i právní praxe.
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