Biomedicínsky výskum z pohľadu ochrany práv pôvodcov novej metódy
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Abstract
Discovering of new possibilities of treatment and diagnostics of people is one of the characteristics of medicine as a science. Biomedical research in various forms accompanies mankind since time immemorial. The effort to discover „the new“ led in the past, apart from positive results, also to misusing of people in nonsensical experiments. This experience resulted in adopting a number of legal regulations determining limits of biomedical research, good practice and most of all protection of rights for research participants. A research activity is not only connected with issues relating to conditions of its implementation, but also to issues relating to protection of its results. Apart from the patent protection of new drugs and medical aids, it is also necessary to consider protection of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. As the result of the research does not have to be only a drug, or a medical aid, but also a patient treatment procedure. The Act no. 576/2004 Coll. on Medical Care binds the project researcher to make it possible for the expert public to access results (hence the new method) of his/her work. Past legislation in Slovakia and the Czech Republic used to recognize copyright for originators of new methods. This legislation was cancelled without its replacement. Based upon the research characteristics, the rights for originators of a new method could be subordinated under rights similar to industrial rights. The current legal order of Slovakia does not sufficiently protect the rights for originators of new methods, which result from biomedical research.
Objavovanie nových možností liečby a diagnostiky ľudí je jednou z charakteristík medicíny ako vedy. Biomedicínsky výskum v rôznych podobách sprevádza ľudstvo od nepamäti. Snaha objavovať „nové“ v minulosti viedla okrem pozitívnych výsledkom aj k zneužívaniu ľudí pri nezmyselných pokusoch. Táto skúsenosť vyústila do prijatia množstva právnych predpisov stanovujúcich mantinely biomedicínskeho výskum, správnu prax a predovšetkým ochranu práv účastníkov výskumu. S výskumnou činnosťou nie sú spojené iba otázky zabezpečenia podmienok jeho realizovania, ale aj otázky ochrany jeho výsledkov. Okrem patentovej ochrany nových liekov a zdravotníckych pomôcok prichádza do úvahy aj ochrana nových diagnostických a terapeutických metód. Výsledkom výskumu totiž nemusí byť iba liek, či zdravotnícka pomôcka, ale aj postup pri liečbe pacienta. Zákon č. 576/2004 Z.z. o zdravotnej starostlivosti zaväzuje riešiteľa výskumného projektu, aby výsledky svojej práce (ergo novú metódu) sprístupnil odbornej verejnosti. V minulosti bola na Slovensku a v Českej republike právna úprava ktorá priznávala práva z autorstva pre pôvodcov nových metód. Táto úprava bola zrušená bez jej náhrady. Práva pôvodcu novej metódy by sme na základe charakteristík výskumu mohli podradiť pod práva obdobné priemyselným právam. V súčasnosti právny poriadok Slovenska dostatočne nechráni práva pôvodcov nových metód, ktoré sú výsledkom biomedicínskeho výskumu.
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